Types of Firefighting Foam

 

In the 1960s, the U.S. Navy Research Laboratory began testing a new type of firefighting foam. This type of foam had surfactant and hydrophobic properties that sealed the fuel and prevented it from reigniting. The new foam became a standard at most fire departments in the 1970s. However, once used, the foam was left to soak into the ground. This practice has now been abandoned and a new type of firefighting fluid has been developed.

The most common use for AFFF is to douse a fire in fuel. Despite its broad use, the flammable substance can still cause problems if it's not properly contained. This is because AFFF has a high water solubility level. This causes a higher foam density, which is more abrasive and can leave a residue behind on a fire. Besides, firefighters may encounter other hazards while fighting fires, such as toxic materials.

A recent lawsuit alleges that major chemical manufacturers have been selling AFFF for decades, despite the widespread health and environmental effects of the chemicals used. The EPA has demanded that these chemicals be removed from firefighting foam. A recent study has found that PFOA is associated with an increased risk of cancer. In addition to its toxicity, AFFF also entails other risks to the environment. This is one of the reasons why the United States military is switching to PFAS-free firefighting foam.

While PFAS-containing foams are still in use at military bases, the U.S. Congress has directed the military to phase them out by 2024. But the military will need to change its performance specifications. In addition to FirefightingFoam, PFAS-containing foams are widely used in food takeout products. They are used because they are water- and grease-resistant, making them a great option for post-fire security.

Aqueous Film Forming Foam is a popular firefighting foam that is used to extinguish flammable liquid fires. It is commonly used on shipboards and is also used in fire training facilities. Aqueous Film Forming Foam is typically purchased as a concentrate. Whether Class A or B foam is used, the application is similar. In a large building, it is often the first choice for firefighters.

There are two main types of foams. Some are synthetic and are based on petroleum, while others are made of water. AFFF is a water-based foam that reduces the surface tension of water, which wets fuels and suppresses fire. Unlike AFFF, aqueous foams are biodegradable. Both are beneficial to firefighters and the environment.

AFFF is a class of chemicals that firefighters have used for decades. Its chemistry allows it to effectively suppress difficult-to-suppress fires. Some AFFF formulations are made with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). They are commonly used in non-stick cookware and stain-resistant carpets. PFAS-based foams are also biodegradable.